Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Literature

Issue-3(March), Volume-2 2025

1. The Role of Media Literacy in Combating Misinformation: Exploring the...
12

Dr. Heavens Ugochukwu Obasi*
Department of Mass Communication Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria And Department of Mass Communication .National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
1-5
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14964028

This review explores the pivotal role of media literacy in combating misinformation, focusing on the effectiveness of media literacy programs in enhancing critical thinking skills and mitigating the spread of false information. As digital communication proliferates, so does misinformation, posing significant challenges to informed citizenship and democratic processes. Research indicates that media literacy equips individuals with the skills necessary to critically evaluate information sources, discern credible content, and navigate diverse media landscapes. Studies have demonstrated that structured media literacy programs significantly enhance individuals critical thinking abilities, enabling them to analyze and interpret media messages more effectively. Moreover, these programs foster resilience against misinformation by empowering participants to question narratives, identify biases, and recognize persuasive techniques. Evidence suggests that individuals who undergo media literacy training are less likely to share or believe false information, contributing to a more informed public. This review synthesizes findings from various studies, highlighting best practices in media literacy curricula, including interactive learning, real-world case studies, and collaborative discussions. The analysis underscores the need for educational institutions to incorporate comprehensive media literacy initiatives as a fundamental component of contemporary education, particularly in an era where misinformation can spread rapidly through social media and other digital channels. Overall, fostering media literacy emerges as a critical strategy not only for individual empowerment but also for the enhancement of public discourse and democratic engagement in the face of an increasingly complex information ecosystem.

2. The Anxiety Level and Coping Strategy of Humanities and Social Science...
12

Abellera, Alijah Therese R.*,...
DepEd-Pampanga, Philippines, Senior High School in Magalang Stand Alone 2
6-17
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007403

The research assesses the anxiety ranges alongside coping mechanism practices of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) learners in chosen public secondary institutions. The academic development and students who suffer from anxiety levels, thus calling for detailed research into their stress management methods. The research utilized statistical and qualitative data collection methods by administering standardized tests to 100 student participants and conducting follow-up in-depth interviews with select participants. Results show that students mainly have moderate to high anxiety levels, which primarily occur in academic and social situations because of public speaking, examinations, and academic workloads. The level of anxiety symptoms varies depending on both social class standing and academic results. The three main stress-coping methods employed by students include obtaining social help from relations and confidants, utilizing relaxation practices, and diverting stress through humorous activities or special interests. Academic students use prayer and mentorship through religious or spiritual means to handle stress, yet other students choose procrastination, which makes their anxiety worse instead of better. Schools require established mental health programs to provide students with practical tools for handling their anxiety. Strengthening students' ability to cope with stress occurs through the delivery of stress management programs, peer support groups, and accessible counseling services, which develop emotional resilience. Such research data helps educational leaders and governmental officials create specific interventions to achieve students' welfare while lowering anxiety levels and enhancing academic performance.

3. The Perceived Stress Level of Teachers’ Handling MATATAG Curriculum
27

Cruz, Alexander*, De Jesus, Ar...
DepEd-Pampanga, Philippines, Senior High School in Magalang Stand Alone 2
18-30
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007439

Teaching is a demanding profession that requires adaptability, patience, and resilience. Implementing the MATATAG Curriculum in the Philippines has introduced new challenges for educators, particularly regarding time management, workload, and instructional adjustments. This study examines the perceived stress levels of teachers handling the MATATAG Curriculum in Cluster I, Magalang, Pampanga. Using a mixed-method sequential explanatory approach, the research integrates quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to analyze factors contributing to teacher stress. Findings indicate that teachers experience significant stress due to time constraints, excessive paperwork, and classroom noise—many struggles to fit comprehensive lessons into the 45-minute periods, impacting their instructional effectiveness. Additionally, the increased administrative workload and the transition to new assessment methods have contributed to feelings of burnout and frustration. Despite these challenges, teachers employ various coping strategies to mitigate stress, including time management, self-care practices, and emotional resilience. The study highlights the need for institutional support, such as stress management programs, workload reduction strategies, and professional development opportunities tailored to the MATATAG Curriculum. Addressing these concerns can improve teacher well-being, enhance classroom engagement, and foster a more sustainable teaching environment. By identifying key stressors and coping mechanisms, this research aims to contribute to developing policies that support educators in adapting to curriculum changes.

4. The Self-Worth and Life Orientation of Pantawid Pampamilya Pilipino Pr...
9

Dela Cruz, John Rienzie C.*, I...
DepEd-Pampanga, Philippines, Senior High School in Magalang Stand Alone 2
31-39
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007471

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) significantly impacts the self-esteem and life orientation of its learner recipients. This study looks at how financial support from the program affects students' self-esteem, motivation, and academic success. A mixed-method sequential explanatory design was used to evaluate data collected from 4Ps recipients at a public secondary school in Magalang, Pampanga, during the 2024-2025 academic year. The findings show that internal elements such as familial support and spiritual beliefs, particularly a connection to God's love, significantly influence learners' self-worth more than external validation. Furthermore, the beneficiaries' life orientation was typically optimistic, with friendships and hope for the future playing an important part in molding their attitude. While the 4Ps' financial support alleviates certain economic constraints and improves educational possibilities, some beneficiaries face societal censure, leading to a skewed impression of the program's influence on their life. This study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing support systems, such as family participation, academic drive, and efforts to reduce the stigma associated with being a 4P recipient. The study provides politicians, educators, and parents with significant insights into creating an atmosphere that boosts learners' self-esteem and life orientation, ultimately contributing to their personal and academic success.

5. LEADERSHIP AND REFORM: FIXING SOUTH AFRICA'S POLICE SERVICE
8

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
40-65
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15041577

This paper analyses the complex challenges confronting the South African Police Service (SAPS), emphasising the significant interaction among historical legacies, structural problems, and current crime trends. It examines the degradation of public confidence, the efficiency of accountability measures, and the influence of socioeconomic variables on policing efficacy. This study highlights critical areas for change through a synthesis of previous research and theoretical frameworks, including social disorganisation, institutional, and procedural justice theories. It underscores the pressing necessity for more community involvement, stringent supervision, and evidence-based crime prevention methodologies. The paper examines the ramifications of technology progress and the increase in cybercrime, highlighting the imperative for ethical and responsible application. This research offers pragmatic solutions for restoring confidence, enhancing organisational capacity, and promoting a more equitable and efficient SAPS, therefore leading to a safer South Africa. The objective of this comprehensive literature review is to consolidate current research on the South African Police Service (SAPS), emphasising the key aspects that influence its efficacy and legitimacy in a post-apartheid environment. The study centres on critical subjects such as police-community interactions, systemic corruption, accountability systems, resource allocation, the influence of historical legacies, the effectiveness of community policing, and the incorporation of technology improvements. Principal Arguments: The analysis contends that the SAPS has ongoing problems arising from a confluence of historical distrust, organisational shortcomings, and changing crime patterns. It underscores the imperative for extensive reforms that emphasise trust-building, accountability, and evidence-based police methodologies. This research adopts a systematic literature review technique, leveraging several electronic databases and grey literature sources. Studies were chosen according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were retrieved and synthesised by theme analysis. This analysis offers a thorough synthesis of existing research, highlighting critical gaps and guiding evidence-based policy suggestions to enhance SAPS efficacy. It emphasises the necessity of tackling structural challenges to bolster public trust and enable the SAPS to execute its constitutional responsibility. This evaluation targets policymakers, academics, law enforcement officials, civil society organisations, and researchers focused on policing reform and security sector governance in South Africa. The thorough literature assessment finds that the SAPS requires substantial and ongoing modifications to tackle its complex difficulties. Emphasising community involvement, enhancing accountability, and tackling socioeconomic factors contributing to crime are crucial for establishing a more efficient and credible police force in South Africa.

6. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE TO PRIORITISE REDUCING GUN-RELATED CRIME AND VI...
8

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
66-89
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15049117

This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively examine the extent of gun violence in South Africa, analyzing its prevalence, trends, geographical distribution, and societal impact. The study seeks to synthesize existing research to provide a clear picture of the scope of the problem and identify key areas for intervention. Main topics: The review focuses on three core themes: (1) statistical data on gun violence, including homicide, assault, and other related crimes; (2) comparative studies placing South Africa's gun violence rates in a global context; and (3) the social and economic consequences of gun violence for individuals, families, communities, and the nation as a whole. Key arguments: The review argues that gun violence in South Africa constitutes a significant public health and social crisis. Despite existing firearm control legislation, the problem persists at alarming levels, disproportionately affecting certain communities and hindering social and economic development. The study emphasizes the need for evidence-based interventions and a multi-faceted approach to address the complex factors contributing to gun violence. Methodological approach: This study employs a systematic literature review methodology. Relevant articles, reports, and statistical data were identified through searches of academic databases (e.g., JSTOR, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect), government websites (e.g., Stats SA, SAPS), and reputable research institutions (e.g., ISS). Inclusion criteria focused on studies published within the last [Number] years that provided empirical data or in-depth analysis of gun violence in South Africa. The selected literature was critically appraised and synthesized to identify key themes, trends, and research gaps. Significance: This review provides a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, law enforcement agencies, and community organizations working to address gun violence in South Africa. By synthesizing the existing knowledge base, the study highlights the urgency of the problem and identifies priority areas for intervention. The findings can inform the development of evidence-based policies and programs aimed at preventing gun violence and creating safer communities. Audience: This study is relevant to a broad audience, including academics, policymakers, law enforcement professionals, community organizations, healthcare providers, and anyone concerned about the issue of gun violence in South Africa. Conclusion: Gun violence poses a substantial threat to South African society, with far-reaching consequences for individuals, communities, and the nation's development. While statistical data paints a concerning picture of the problem's extent, comparative studies underscore the severity of South Africa's situation in a global context. Addressing this crisis requires a comprehensive strategy that tackles the root causes of violence, strengthens firearm control mechanisms, enhances law enforcement effectiveness, and fosters community-based solutions. Further research is crucial to deepen our understanding of the complex dynamics of gun violence and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

7. Determinants of Voting Behavior in the 2019 Madhya Pradesh Assembly El...
8

Harsh Khandekar*, Dr. Ramsiya...
Research Scholar, Rabindranath Tagore University, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh
90-92
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15064687

This research paper examines the determinants of voting behavior in the 2019 Madhya Pradesh Assembly elections, focusing on the Indore constituency. Utilizing a mixedmethods approach, the study analyzes how various demographic factors—age, gender, caste, religion, income, and education—shaped voter preferences among the major political parties. The findings reveal nuanced patterns of support, highlighting the complex interplay between socio-economic variables and electoral choices.

8. Negative Sociological and Psychological Effects of Spiritual Violence...
6

Assoc Prof. Dr. Pamir DİRİL*
Teaching Assistant, St. Clements University Psychology, Clinical Psychology/Turkey-United Kingdom
93-99
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15074322

Spiritual violence is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that deeply affects the psychological and social lives of individuals. This kind of violence can occur in both visible and invisible forms, with different manifestations at various dimensions and levels; it also often involves the abuse of religious or spiritual beliefs. The aim of the introduction is to provide a comprehensive definition of spiritual violence, its origins and the sociological negative effects it has on individuals. In this context, developing a deep sociological perspective on this phenomenon, which has the potential to cause spiritual injuries, can help to better understand the trauma experienced by individuals and to address this issue effectively. Spiritual violence not only affects individuals in their spiritual dimension, but also in their social, cultural and economic contexts, with profound implications and significant consequences. This makes it a multifaceted issue and a complex situation that needs to be addressed. A better understanding of these effects can facilitate a healthy contribution to social awareness processes and spiritual healing processes. This can have a positive impact on the social life and spiritual well-being of individuals. An in-depth study of this topic will create greater awareness towards the recognition of spiritual violence and contribute to the development of the ability of different social groups to cope with such situations. At the same time, increasing knowledge at both individual and societal levels is crucial for understanding the nature and dynamics of this phenomenon. When spiritual violence has such a profound impact on the lives of individuals, developing an understanding of it is of great importance not only for the victims but also at the societal level. In order to combat this kind of violence and to enable the spiritual and social healing of individuals who have had similar experiences, it is crucial to increase awareness and education on this issue.





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